Tameka. Shanique. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel’s past architectural advances influenced the internal skeleton of the Statue of Liberty. Just think, in your body their are lots of bones holding uyp your body and your musles, that what the internal skeleton does for the Statue, TSFweb.jpg
T.S.F. presents "The Architecture of The Statue of Liberty." We have information on the men behind it, it's internal skeleton, and what it's made of. We will begin with it's internal skeleton.
Gustave Eiffel , was the creator of the Statue of Liberty's internal skeleton. When completed, it was 94 feet tall. It was in the shape of a square and was made of iron. It's main structural support is four posts that work in compression. The skeleton supports a secondary iron frame that, in turn, carries a system of flat wrought iron bars. These members carry the copper plates that form the statue's exterior skin. Extending from the main frame are a smaller frame supporting the head and a slim 47-ft, 7-in. skeleton carrying the arm that holds the torch. The frame is braced with diagonal members and was designed to withstand a wind load of 58 psf. In a 50-mph wind, the monument moves 3 in. Now, we have a section on Gustave Eiffel, one of the most important men behind the statue.
Alexandre was born in Dijon, France on December 15, 1832. He went to École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures then afterwards got involved into building structures. He worked on many famous structures like the Eiffel Tower and the Statue of Liberty. He created the Statue of Liberty as a gift to the United States as a sign of international friendship. He designed the internal skeletal system for the Statue of Liberty. He also helped with the raising of liberty. He calculated how much pressure would be put on each joint and how to distribute the weight and instructed how to assemble the various pieces of the great lady to maximize the safety of the statue.
Citation from The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia by Barry Moreno (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000): · Liberty's vast network of steel bars. A total of 1,830 armature bars form horizontal and vertical patterns carefully shaped to match the contours of the copper plates, and are designed to expand or contract easily in response to heat and cold without causing metallic stress. The steel bars and copper plates are joined indirectly by steel brackets known as saddles. Twelve thousand rivets secure the armature network in place. The armature bars then connect to the interior skeletal framework by means of 325 flat bars or springs. · The primary structure of this system, the iron pylon, 96 feet (29.54 meters) high, was adapted from his previous work on bridges. This massive tower serves as the central attachment point for a complex asymmetrical girder of lightweight trusswork that forms the statue's body (the base structure of Liberty’s arm alone rises 65 feet, or 19.81 meters). This, flat metal bars are bolted at one end to the pylon tower and at the other to the interior of the statue's skin, forming a flexible suspension against which the sculpted plates adhere. This elasticity allows the skin of the statue to adjust to expansions and contractions caused by temperature changes and to resist the force of winds · His most acclaimed work is the Eiffel Tower, approximately 985 feet (280 meters) high, which he designed in 1885 for the Paris World's Fair of 1899. The metal structure held the record as the world's highest building until 1931. In addition, he was renowned for his elegant yet serviceable railway bridges, in particular, the Pia Maria Bridge over the River Douro in Oporto, Portugal (1877) and the Garabit Viaduct Bridge in the Auvergne mountains of France (1884). · Liberty's skeleton is composed of three parts: 1 92-foot-high powerfully trussed tower known as the pylon, a lighter skeletal framework attached to the pylon, and a skin-support and attachment system. The first two parts of the skeleton are triangulated for rigidity. Notes: David P. Billington Essay Notes for pg.: 115 ·Statue of liberty carries both intended meanings and a great significance ·Statue is 2 separate buildings that are not integrated in any visual way ·Gustave Eiffel designed a self supporting engineering structure ·Frederic Auguste designed the invertebrate skin ·Statue on the outside is a work of a sculptor and on the inside is a work of a engineer Notes for pg. 128- 129 ·Has an central iron pylon made up of four cross braced ·Has an external copper skin ·Its skin has ribs that responds to wind, heat, or cold ·Due to many mistakes the arm and the torch were out of use for the beginning of the 1900s ·Defects could not easily be noticed, reason was b/c the exterior skin was covering them
What was the internal skeleton made of (contents)? It was primarily made of the iron pylon that was 96 feet (29.54 meters) high, a lighter skeletal that was attached to the pylon, and a skin-support and attachment system. Only about the first two parts of the skeleton are triangulated for rigidity. The pylon serves as the central attachment point for a complex asymmetrical girder of the lightweight trusswork that formed the statues body. The lightweight trusswork is actually just metal bars that are bolted at one end that stretches out to the pylon tower and to the interior of the statue’s skin, thus forming a flexible suspension against which the sculpted plates adhere. The freedom and elasticity allows the skin of the statue to adjust to expansions and contractions caused by temperature changes and to resist high winds. That is the reason why it has so little copper because the internal skeleton helps the copper withstand breakage and damage.
What is the statue’s exterior made of? The statue is made of copper (3/32in.thick). It is almost the same as two pennies put together. Some people think that the statue was just painted green, or was tinted. That theory is terribly wrong. The reason why the statue has the color it has isbecausethe statues copper has a naturally oxidized form that gives it a “patina” green coating. The only reason why the color doesn’t wear out is because the patina is thick in many places. Also the copper behind it Is protecting it from naturally wearing away.
Some Famous Bridges made by Alexandre Eiffel? ·Maria Pia Bridge (Porto Viaduct) ·Garabit Viaduct ·Souleuvre Viaduct ·Long Bien bridge, Hanoi, Vietnam
T/Q/R Topic:The Internal Skeleton of the Statue of Liberty. Question: Because we want to how Alexandre Gustave Eiffel's past architectual advances influenced it. Research Questions ·Who is this Eiffel fellow? ·What is the internal skeleton? ·What was the Statue of Liberty? ·Who worked with Eiffel? ·What were the challenges in creating the internal skeleton of the Statue of Liberty? ·How were they overcome? ·Did Eiffel have any prior experience? ·What did Eiffel do after he created the Internal Skeleton? ·What was the internal skeleton made of? ·Why is the internal skeleton so important?
Eiffel. This name probably sounds familiar. When the name Eiffel is heard, it is most likely associate with the Eiffel Tower. However, he has done more, much more. From buildings, to bridges, to statues, he has done it. There is one Statue that we all know that Eiffel had a big hand in. The Statue of Liberty. Primarily, it’s Internal Skeleton.Alexandre Gustave Eiffel has quite a resume. Along with the Eiffel Tower, Eiffel has planned and engineered many other structures, all around the world. From Ruhnu Lighthouse in Estonia to the Mona Island Lighthouse in Peru, he has done it. All these many engineering experiences had made Eiffel ready and willing to take on maybe his most challenging structure, the internal skeleton of the Statue of Liberty.
Along with Frederic Bartholdi and Richard Hunt, Eiffel designed and engineered the most important aspect of the Statue of Liberty. He engineered the internal skeleton. He was also responsible for the overall rising of the Statue of Liberty. Of course, one minor miscalculation could have jeopardized the Statue of Liberty’s stability so mathematical accuracy is very important. Eiffel had the large responsibility of monitoring all Math operations. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel’s past architectural advances influenced the internal skeleton of the Statue of Liberty. Just think, in your body their are lots of bones holding uyp your body and your musles, that what the internal skeleton does for the Statue.
Without the Internal Skeleton the Statue of Liberty will fall and crumble. The Internal Skeleton helps the Statue to prevail against harsh weather. The statue of liberty wouldn’t have been here today without its internal skeleton. In comparison to we wouldn’t be here today without the bones in our body. Our bones are what helps us to stay up and helps the structure of our body. We as a human being have a lot in common to the structure and insides of the statue of liberty. What do you think the statue will look like without the internal skeleton? I know what you’re thinking it probably wouldn’t be the sight it is today. Just a pile of rubble! Your probably right and think what we will look like without bones in our body.That’s why the internal skeleton is very important part of the statue. Even though many don’t know it’s even there.
The internal skeleton of the Statue of Liberty is primarily made of iron pylon that is ninety-six feet (29.54 meters) high, a lighter skeletal system that is attached to the pylon, and a skin-support and attachment system. Only about the first two parts of the skeleton are triangulated for rigidity. The pylon serves as the central attachment point for a complex asymmetrical girder of the lightweight truss work that formed the statue’s body. The lightweight truss work is actually just metal bars that are bolted at one end and stretches out to the pylon tower and to the interior of the statue’s skin, thus forming a flexible suspension against which the sculpted plates adhere. The freedom and elasticity allows the skin of the statue to adjust to expansions and contractions caused by temperature changes and to resist high winds. That is the reason it has so little copper.
The internal skeleton helps the copper withstand breakage and damage. The statue’s copper is 3/32in. thick. It is almost the same as two pennies put together. Some people think that the statue was just painted green, or was tinted. That theory is terribly wrong. The reason the statue has the color it has is because the statue’s copper has a naturally oxidized form that gives it a “patina” green coating. The only reason the color doesn’t wear out is because the patina is thick in many places. Also the copper behind it is protecting it from naturally wearing away.
Tameka. Shanique.
Alexandre Gustave Eiffel’s past architectural advances influenced the internal skeleton of the Statue of Liberty. Just think, in your body their are lots of bones holding uyp your body and your musles, that what the internal skeleton does for the Statue,
TSFweb.jpg
T.S.F. presents "The Architecture of The Statue of Liberty." We have information on the men behind it, it's internal skeleton, and what it's made of. We will begin with it's internal skeleton.
Gustave Eiffel , was the creator of the Statue of Liberty's internal skeleton. When completed, it was 94 feet tall. It was in the shape of a square and was made of iron. It's main structural support is four posts that work in compression. The skeleton supports a secondary iron frame that, in turn, carries a system of flat wrought iron bars. These members carry the copper plates that form the statue's exterior skin. Extending from the main frame are a smaller frame supporting the head and a slim 47-ft, 7-in. skeleton carrying the arm that holds the torch. The frame is braced with diagonal members and was designed to withstand a wind load of 58 psf. In a 50-mph wind, the monument moves 3 in. Now, we have a section on Gustave Eiffel, one of the most important men behind the statue.
Alexandre was born in Dijon, France on December 15, 1832. He went to École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures then afterwards got involved into building structures. He worked on many famous structures like the Eiffel Tower and the Statue of Liberty. He created the Statue of Liberty as a gift to the United States as a sign of international friendship. He designed the internal skeletal system for the Statue of Liberty. He also helped with the raising of liberty. He calculated how much pressure would be put on each joint and how to distribute the weight and instructed how to assemble the various pieces of the great lady to maximize the safety of the statue.
Citation from The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia by Barry Moreno (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000):
· Liberty's vast network of steel bars. A total of 1,830 armature bars form horizontal and vertical patterns carefully shaped to match the contours of the copper plates, and are designed to expand or contract easily in response to heat and cold without causing metallic stress. The steel bars and copper plates are joined indirectly by steel brackets known as saddles. Twelve thousand rivets secure the armature network in place. The armature bars then connect to the interior skeletal framework by means of 325 flat bars or springs.
· The primary structure of this system, the iron pylon, 96 feet (29.54 meters) high, was adapted from his previous work on bridges. This massive tower serves as the central attachment point for a complex asymmetrical girder of lightweight trusswork that forms the statue's body (the base structure of Liberty’s arm alone rises 65 feet, or 19.81 meters). This, flat metal bars are bolted at one end to the pylon tower and at the other to the interior of the statue's skin, forming a flexible suspension against which the sculpted plates adhere. This elasticity allows the skin of the statue to adjust to expansions and contractions caused by temperature changes and to resist the force of winds
· His most acclaimed work is the Eiffel Tower, approximately 985 feet (280 meters) high, which he designed in 1885 for the Paris World's Fair of 1899. The metal structure held the record as the world's highest building until 1931. In addition, he was renowned for his elegant yet serviceable railway bridges, in particular, the Pia Maria Bridge over the River Douro in Oporto, Portugal (1877) and the Garabit Viaduct Bridge in the Auvergne mountains of France (1884).
· Liberty's skeleton is composed of three parts: 1 92-foot-high powerfully trussed tower known as the pylon, a lighter skeletal framework attached to the pylon, and a skin-support and attachment system. The first two parts of the skeleton are triangulated for rigidity.
Notes: David P. Billington Essay
Notes for pg.: 115
· Statue of liberty carries both intended meanings and a great significance
· Statue is 2 separate buildings that are not integrated in any visual way
· Gustave Eiffel designed a self supporting engineering structure
· Frederic Auguste designed the invertebrate skin
· Statue on the outside is a work of a sculptor and on the inside is a work of a engineer
Notes for pg. 128- 129
· Has an central iron pylon made up of four cross braced
· Has an external copper skin
· Its skin has ribs that responds to wind, heat, or cold
· Due to many mistakes the arm and the torch were out of use for the beginning of the 1900s
· Defects could not easily be noticed, reason was b/c the exterior skin was covering them
What was the internal skeleton made of (contents)?
It was primarily made of the iron pylon that was 96 feet (29.54 meters) high, a lighter skeletal that was attached to the pylon, and a skin-support and attachment system. Only about the first two parts of the skeleton are triangulated for rigidity. The pylon serves as the central attachment point for a complex asymmetrical girder of the lightweight trusswork that formed the statues body. The lightweight trusswork is actually just metal bars that are bolted at one end that stretches out to the pylon tower and to the interior of the statue’s skin, thus forming a flexible suspension against which the sculpted plates adhere. The freedom and elasticity allows the skin of the statue to adjust to expansions and contractions caused by temperature changes and to resist high winds. That is the reason why it has so little copper because the internal skeleton helps the copper withstand breakage and damage.
What is the statue’s exterior made of?
The statue is made of copper (3/32in.thick). It is almost the same as two pennies put together. Some people think that the statue was just painted green, or was tinted. That theory is terribly wrong. The reason why the statue has the color it has is because the statues copper has a naturally oxidized form that gives it a “patina” green coating. The only reason why the color doesn’t wear out is because the patina is thick in many places. Also the copper behind it Is protecting it from naturally wearing away.
Some Famous Bridges made by Alexandre Eiffel?
· Maria Pia Bridge (Porto Viaduct)
· Garabit Viaduct
· Souleuvre Viaduct
· Long Bien bridge, Hanoi, Vietnam
T/Q/R
Topic: The Internal Skeleton of the Statue of Liberty.
Question: Because we want to how Alexandre Gustave Eiffel's past architectual advances influenced it.
Research Questions
· Who is this Eiffel fellow?
· What is the internal skeleton?
· What was the Statue of Liberty?
· Who worked with Eiffel?
· What were the challenges in creating the internal skeleton of the Statue of Liberty?
· How were they overcome?
· Did Eiffel have any prior experience?
· What did Eiffel do after he created the Internal Skeleton?
· What was the internal skeleton made of?
· Why is the internal skeleton so important?
Eiffel. This name probably sounds familiar. When the name Eiffel is heard, it is most likely associate with the Eiffel Tower. However, he has done more, much more. From buildings, to bridges, to statues, he has done it. There is one Statue that we all know that Eiffel had a big hand in. The Statue of Liberty. Primarily, it’s Internal Skeleton. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel has quite a resume. Along with the Eiffel Tower, Eiffel has planned and engineered many other structures, all around the world. From Ruhnu Lighthouse in Estonia to the Mona Island Lighthouse in Peru, he has done it. All these many engineering experiences had made Eiffel ready and willing to take on maybe his most challenging structure, the internal skeleton of the Statue of Liberty.
Along with Frederic Bartholdi and Richard Hunt, Eiffel designed and engineered the most important aspect of the Statue of Liberty. He engineered the internal skeleton. He was also responsible for the overall rising of the Statue of Liberty. Of course, one minor miscalculation could have jeopardized the Statue of Liberty’s stability so mathematical accuracy is very important. Eiffel had the large responsibility of monitoring all Math operations. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel’s past architectural advances influenced the internal skeleton of the Statue of Liberty. Just think, in your body their are lots of bones holding uyp your body and your musles, that what the internal skeleton does for the Statue.
Without the Internal Skeleton the Statue of Liberty will fall and crumble. The Internal Skeleton helps the Statue to prevail against harsh weather. The statue of liberty wouldn’t have been here today without its internal skeleton. In comparison to we wouldn’t be here today without the bones in our body. Our bones are what helps us to stay up and helps the structure of our body. We as a human being have a lot in common to the structure and insides of the statue of liberty. What do you think the statue will look like without the internal skeleton? I know what you’re thinking it probably wouldn’t be the sight it is today. Just a pile of rubble! Your probably right and think what we will look like without bones in our body. That’s why the internal skeleton is very important part of the statue. Even though many don’t know it’s even there.
The internal skeleton of the Statue of Liberty is primarily made of iron pylon that is ninety-six feet (29.54 meters) high, a lighter skeletal system that is attached to the pylon, and a skin-support and attachment system. Only about the first two parts of the skeleton are triangulated for rigidity. The pylon serves as the central attachment point for a complex asymmetrical girder of the lightweight truss work that formed the statue’s body. The lightweight truss work is actually just metal bars that are bolted at one end and stretches out to the pylon tower and to the interior of the statue’s skin, thus forming a flexible suspension against which the sculpted plates adhere. The freedom and elasticity allows the skin of the statue to adjust to expansions and contractions caused by temperature changes and to resist high winds. That is the reason it has so little copper.
The internal skeleton helps the copper withstand breakage and damage. The statue’s copper is 3/32in. thick. It is almost the same as two pennies put together. Some people think that the statue was just painted green, or was tinted. That theory is terribly wrong. The reason the statue has the color it has is because the statue’s copper has a naturally oxidized form that gives it a “patina” green coating. The only reason the color doesn’t wear out is because the patina is thick in many places. Also the copper behind it is protecting it from naturally wearing away.
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